К. З. Маматкулов1, Х. А. Исави2,3,4, Г. М. Арзуманян1,a
Ключевые слова:
липид–белковые взаимодействия, нейродегенеративные заболевания, β-амилоид, агрегация белков, вторичная структура белков, SERS, CARS, SANS, молекулярная динамика (MD)
Аннотация
Липид–белковые взаимодействия играют центральную роль в поддержании структурного и функционального баланса биологических мембран, влияя на широкий спектр клеточных процессов. Однако данные взаимодействия становятся патологическими при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, таких как болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона и Хантингтона. При этих нарушениях неправильное сворачивание и агрегация таких белков, как бета-амилоид (Aβ), альфа-синуклеин (α-syn) и мутантный хантингтин (mHtt), разрушают липидный бислой, повреждая целостность мембраны, ее текучесть и передачу сигналов. В этом обзоре мы исследуем решающую роль липид–белковых взаимодействий при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, подчеркивая, что неправильное сворачивание белков приводит к образованию токсичных агрегатов, которые встраиваются в мембраны, вызывая нейротоксические явления. Передовые спектроскопические методы сыграли важную роль в изучении этих молекулярных взаимодействий. Световые методы, включая Фёрстеровский перенос энергии (FRET), круговой дихроизм (CD) и рамановскую спектроскопию, позволяют в режиме реального времени получить представление об агрегации белков и динамике липидных мембран. Методы, основанные на нейтронах, такие как нейтронная рефлектометрия и малоугловое рассеяние нейтронов (SANS), дополняют и обогащают анализ липид-белковых взаимодействий, особенно в контексте нейродегенеративной агрегации.
Кроме того, в обзоре подчеркивается важность липидных микродоменов, в частности богатых холестерином липидных рафтов, которые способствуют агрегации белков, влияющих на прогрессирование заболевания. Также обсуждаются терапевтические стратегии в отношении липид–белковых взаимодействий с акцентом на то, как спектроскопические исследования способствуют разработке лекарств, стабилизирующих целостность мембран или предотвращающих токсическую агрегацию. Наконец, интеграция спектроскопии с вычислительными моделями, такими как молекулярная динамика (MD), представляется как многообещающий подход для выявления особенностей сложной динамики липид–белковых взаимодействий, обеспечивая более полную картину механизмов развития заболевания.
Поддерживающие организации
The authors of the article welcome the establishment of a new multidisciplinary scientificjournal NSR at JINR with open access. This journal facilitates the publication of both reviewand original scientific papers, encompassing a broad spectrum of fundamental and practicalresearch conducted within the JINR Member States and worldwide.
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