Столетие концепции конденсата Бозе-Эйнштейна и полвека экспериментов ОИЯИ по наблюдению конденсата в сверхтекучем 4Не (He II)
A century of the Bose–Einstein condensation concept and half a century of the JINR experiments for observation of condensate in superfluid 4He (He II)

Дополнительно

Прислана: 02.10.2025; Принята: 13.10.2025; Опубликовано 07.11.2025; Обновлена 26.11.2025;
Просмотры: 302; Загружено: 62

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В. А. Загребнов. "A century of the Bose–Einstein condensation concept and half a century of the JINR experiments for observation of condensate in superfluid 4He (He II)" Natural Sci. Rev. 2 100504 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100504
BibTex
В. А. Загребнов1,a
  • 1Математический институт Марселя – Национальный Центр Научных Исследований, Университет Экс-Марсель, кампус Сен–Шарль, 3, площадь Виктора Гюго, корпус 19, 13331, Марсель – 3, Франция
  • aValentin.Zagrebnov@univ-amu.fr
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100504
Ключевые слова: статистика и конденсат Бозе-Эйнштейна, обычные и необычные конденсации, обобщённые конденсации, теория сверхтекучести Боголюбова, глубоко-неупругое рассеяние нейтронов, конденсат Бозе-Эйнштейна в жидком гелии-4, ОИЯИ (Дубна)
Категории: Физика , Физика конденсированного состояния (теория) , Физика конденсированного состояния (эксперимент) , Исторические / юбилейные обзоры
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Аннотация

Данный краткий обзор посвящён празднованию двух важнейших событий в квантовой физике: появлению концепции о конденсации Бозе-Эйнштейна (1925) и её экспериментальному подтверждению, которое установило, что конденсация действительно существует и возникает в жидком 4Не одновременно с появлением сверхтекучести ниже температуры λ-точки (1975).

Оба эти события тесно связаны с теорией сверхтекучести Н. Н. Боголюбова (1947), поскольку ключевой гипотезой этой теории является наличие конденсата в системе взаимодействующих бозонов. Таким образом, эксперименты, начатые в ОИЯИ (Дубна), подтвердили в 1975 году предсказание теории Боголюбова о том, что сверхтекучесть жидкого 4Не (He II) должна возникать одновременно с конденсатом Бозе-Эйнштейна.

Исправлено:
13 ноября 2025 (подписи к рисункам 1 и 2 были изменены)
26 ноября 2025 (были внесены изменения в формулы (53) и (55))

Поддерживающие организации

First of all I am thankful to Irina Aref’eva and Igor Volovich for discussions of the topics aswell as opportuneness and relavence of this article. They convinced me that thisanniversaryrecallabout jubilee of the Bose–Einstein condensation (1925), as well as about its observationin deep-inelastic neutron scattering experiments involving superfluid4He (JINR-Dubna, 1975),may be of interest to readers.During my recent visit to JINR’s BLTP (May–July 2025), I had useful discussions on dif-ferent aspects of the Bose–Einstein condensation with Alexander Povolotsky. My gratitude isowed to him for his attention and generous hospitality.I am also indebted to Viktor Aksenov, Zbigniew Strycharski and Efim Dynin for usefuldiscussions, suggestions and for help with references, as well as with collection of some rarepublications.Finally, I am very thankful to Joseph Pul ́e, one of the authors of the concept ofgeneralisedBose–Einstein condensation, for his useful remarks and a number of important suggestions.

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