Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200709 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200709
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 100705 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100705
Classification of muon tracks from charmonium decays and pion tracks in the model of the SPD detector using neural networks
The Machine Learning (ML) approaches were applied to particle identification in the simulation of the Spin Physics Detector (SPD) at the NICA Collider. The results of the identification of muon tracks originating from charmonia decays and pion tracks in the intermediate momenta region (1.5–2.5 GeV/c) are presented. The obtained classifier accuracy is 77% while preserving 99% of muons and rejecting 48% of pions. The efficiency of developed binary classifier is demonstrated through background suppression in J/ψ → µµ decays.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 100704 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100704
Temperature-dependent conformational changes of amyloid-β42 in DPPC bilayers
The conformational behavior of the amyloid- β 42 (A β 42) peptide is strongly influenced by the physical state of its surrounding lipid environment. The effect of temperature on the A β 42 structure within dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was investigated using circular dichroism (CD), Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study examined two thermal phases: room temperature (RT =∼ (25±2)◦C), corresponding to the gel phase of DPPC, and (48±2)◦C, representing the fluid phase above the lipid transition temperature . The CD spectroscopy measurements indicated a clear temperature-dependent structural transition of the peptide. At RT, A β 42 exhibited a conformation enriched in β structures, while at (48±2)◦C, the spectra revealed a notable increase in α -helical content, reflecting enhanced backbone organization under fluid-phase conditions. Raman spectral analysis supported this trend by demonstrating an increased contribution of α -helical components accompanied by a reduction in β -strand features upon heating. Minor variations in lipid vibrational markers further suggested greater acyl-chain flexibility and bilayer fluidity in the high-temperature state. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed enhanced α-helical content and deeper peptide insertion within the disordered bilayer compared with the ordered gel phase. The findings from experimental and computational investigations demonstrate that membrane fluidization above the DPPC phase transition favors α-helical stabilization of A β 42, emphasizing temperature as a key parameter governing peptide–lipid conformational equilibria. The results obtained provide a fundamental framework for understanding how thermal conditions modulate amyloid-membrane interactions, which is essential for elucidating the early molecular events associated with amyloid-related pathologies.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200708 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200708
Searching for Light Dark Matter and Dark Sectors with the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS: et al.
Since its approval in 2016, NA64 has pioneered Light Dark Matter (LDM) searches with electron [1], positron [2], muon [3], and hadron [4] beams. The experiment has successfully met its primary objectives, as outlined in the EPPS input (2018), and even exceed them producing results that demonstrate its ability to operate in a near background-free environment. The Physics Beyond Collider (PBC) initiative at CERN recognizes NA64’s contributions as complementary and worthy of continued exploration. Its key advantage over beam dump approaches is that the signal rate scales as (coupling) 2 rather than (coupling) 4 , reducing the required beam particles for the same sensitivity. To fully exploit the NA64 physics potential, an upgrade during LS3 will enable NA64 to run in background-free mode at higher SPS beam rates. Planned upgrades include (a) improved detector hermeticity with a new veto hadron calorimeter, (b) enhanced particle identification with a synchrotron radiation detector, and (c) increased beam rates via upgraded electronics. With the recently strengthened NA64 collaboration, stable operations and timely data analysis are planned for LHC Run 4. The expected ∼ 10 13 electrons, ∼ 10 11 positrons (40 and 60 GeV), and ∼ 2×10 13 muons on target will allow NA64 to explore new light dark matter regions, with the potential for discovery or conclusive exclusion of many well-motivated LDM models.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200707 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200707
Supersymmetry at BLTP: Recent progress in two directions
Ten years ago, in a paper [1], a brief historical survey of the research activity in the Sector “Supersymmetry” at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) for more than 50 years of its existence has been given. Here, in commemoration of the 70th jubilee of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, we review some recent sound advancements in this area. Specifically, we consider the issues of constructing the superfield quantum effective actions in 6 D , N = (1, 0) supersymmetry and off-shell unconstrained superfield formulations of N = 2 higher spins. In both cases, the harmonic superspace approach plays the decisive role. Corrected: 28 July 2026 (the article title was changed, a footnote was inserted in the Introduction, and two references were added)
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200706 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200706
Controlled immobilization of silver nanoparticles on track-etched membranes
The study of the interaction of colloidal solution components with microfiltration membranes is of continuing interest, both in the development of composite porous materials and in the numerous applications of membranes for separating suspensions. This study investigates the transport of silver nanoparticles through track-etched membranes under conditions where the nanoparticles and the membrane surface possess opposite charges. The objective was to establish patterns of nanoparticle deposition based on the membranes structural parameters and the solution flow rate. A simple criterion was derived to determine nanoparticle retention efficiency by considering convection and diffusion within the pores. This criterion was tested through experiments using polyethylene terephthalate track-etched membranes with pore diameters ranging from 0.1 to 7.1 µm, while the average nanoparticle diameter was 24 nm. By varying the pressure drop, the flow rate of the colloidal solution through the membrane pores was varied. Nanoparticle retention efficiency was determined using optical spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The distribution of nanoparticles on the membrane surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the proposed criterion satisfactorily predicts the transition from nearly complete particle retention to complete transmission when key parameters — pore diameter, membrane thickness, and pressure drop — are varied. The obtained results provide insights into the controlled immobilization of nanoparticles on membrane surface, which is essential for creating functional nanocomposite devices, such as sensors.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200705 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200705
Symmetries of massless QCD
We present a pedagogical review of certain exact theoretical results concerning the physics of an imaginary world where one quark or more are deprived of their masses.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 100703 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100703
Giant dipole resonance and related spin-dependent excitations
The time-dependent Hartree–Fock equation is solved by the Wigner function moments method taking into account spin degrees of freedom. Energies and reduced transition probabilities of K π = 0 − , 1 − and 2 − excitations are calculated taking 164 Dy as an example. The spin degrees of freedom give rise to the electric spin dipole resonance. Its properties and interplay with the giant dipole resonance are investigated. The deformation-induced splitting of the spin M2 resonance is discussed. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data and other theoretical studies.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200704 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200704
Interactions of exotic neutralino dark matter with nucleons in U (1) extensions of the MSSM originating from E6 GUTs
To ensure anomaly cancellation, the E 6 inspired U (1) extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) involve extra exotic matter. The lightest exotic neutralino in these models can be stable contributing to the cold dark matter density. We consider the interactions of such neutralino with nucleons within a specific extension of the MSSM with an additional U (1) N gauge symmetry (SE 6 SSM). The constraints on the couplings of this state, which are set by the present experimental bounds caused by the direct detection experiments, are examined. The obtained results can be generalised to other E 6 inspired SUSY models with extra U (1) gauge symmetry.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200703 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200703
SMEFT operators in rare multi-top processes
Nowadays, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a standard framework to parameterize potential deviations from the Standard Model and to combine information from multiple processes in global analyses. This review summarizes dedicated studies that constrain dimension-six Wilson coefficients using three top-quark and four top-quark production processes. We highlight the complementarity of these channels, as well as summarize the main problems and prospects in the area. A concise introduction to the SMEFT formalism and a discussion of the problem of potential perturbative unitarity violation are also provided.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 100702 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100702
High Field Strength Elements distribution in river sediments of Nile (Egypt) and Zarafshon (Tajikistan) as investigated by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
The High Field Strength Elements (HFSE), due to their relatively low mobility in the majority of sedimentary processes, are among the most suitable elements for provenance studies, as they permit collecting information on the parent material. Therefore, the distribution of the mass fractions of two incompatible elements (Co and Ni) and 13 HFSE (Sc, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Tm, Yb, Hf, Th, and U) in unconsolidated sediments belonging to two different river systems, i.e., the Egyptian sector of the Nile River and the Tadjik sector of the Zarafshon River, evidences similarities and dissimilarities between the sedimentary materials and their correlation with the local geochemistry. The Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in its Epithermal variant was used. In total, 38 and 29 samples of unconsolidated sediments were collected along the Nile and the Zarafshon rivers. In the great majority, the distribution functions of the mass fractions were not normal, as Shapiro–Wilk, Anderson–Darling, Lilliefors, and Jarque–Bera ANOVA tests proved. More discriminating bi-plots and ternary diagrams permitted a better comparison between the distribution functions of the considered elements. All of them showed, for both types of sedimentary material, a relative similarity with the less recycled felsic type of rocks. Despite this, a further detailed analysis revealed systematic differences between the two sediment categories, suggesting that the Nile sediments have been influenced by the mafic material transported from the basalt-rich plateaus of Ethiopia via the Blue Nile.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200702 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200702
Structural, magnetic states and pressure-induced phenomena in complex nanosized magnetic oxides
The results of the recent investigations of the crystal and magnetic structure of complex nanosized manganese and iron oxides using neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and other techniques over a wide range of thermodynamic parameters (temperature and pressure) are considered. In the nanostructured manganites La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 ( x = 0.28−0.47), the coexistence of the ferromagnetic (FM) and A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) states has been evidenced, implying the production of core-shell nanoparticles with distinctive structural and magnetic properties of ordering of internal and external components. Application of high pressure significantly modifies the ratio of FM and AFM components. For the nanostructured Zn 0.34 Fe 2.53 O 4 ferrite, a distribution of Zn and Fe atoms in the crystal structure, as well as the parameters of crystal and magnetic structures, have been estimated. The oxygen vacancies were detected and their amount was estimated. The gradual transition of the structural phase from the initial cubic spinel phase to the orthorhombic post spinel phase was observed at high pressures in this material, relevant to CoFe 2 O 4 ferrite. In the latter case, the phase transition is also accompanied by suppression of the ordered magnetic moments. Surprisingly, in the most cases, the properties of structural and magnetic states of the studied nanosized manganites and ferrites are notably different from those for the relevant bulk forms of these materials. The microscopic mechanisms responsible for this distinction have been discussed in detail. Corrected: 24 April 2026 (the incorrect order of the authors and the affiliation of one of them were corrected)
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 100701 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100701
Nucleus scattering on 12C and 27Al targets in the complete Glauber theory
The straightforward calculations of the nucleus–nucleus scattering cross sections are carried out in Glauber approach using the generating function method. It allows for the resummation of all orders of Glauber theory. The results are obtained for a number of light nuclei isotopes scattering on 12 C and 27 Al targets. Their radii, extracted by comparing the calculated cross sections with the experimental ones, are presented.
Natural Sci. Rev. 3 200701 (2026) DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200701
