We established chromosome homology between human and the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) using a powerful modern molecular cytogenetic technique: multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH). mFISH allows the classification of mammalian chromosomes based on their DNA content rather than solely on morphological features such as banding patterns. The Macaca mulatta karyotype consists of 42 chromosomes: 20 pairs of autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes. We confirmed a pronounced similarity between the human (Homo sapiens, HSA) and macaque (Macaca mulatta, MMU) genomes: 16 out of 22 macaque chromosomes showed homology to a single human chromosome, and 13 of them have human homologs with the same numbers. Only three macaque chromosomes show hybridization signals from two human chromosomes, and a single human probe for chromosome 2 labels two pairs of acrocentric monkey chromosomes. Altogether, mFISH is expected to become an indispensable tool in comparative chromosome studies.

The evolution of surface morphology and structural parameters in ZnS and ZnSe crystals under highenergy electron irradiation was investigated using a phenomenological modeling approach based on experimentally obtained irradiation-dependent structural and morphological data. The analysis focused on the fluence dependence of the surface roughness parameters R_a and R_z, coherent-domain size, and lattice parameter in the electron fluence range of (0−2.5) · 10¹⁷ electrons/cm². It was found that the surface roughness parameters R_a and R_z decrease according to an exponential law, indicating the occurrence of radiation-induced surface smoothing. A phenomenological kinetic equation describing roughness relaxation as a function of electron fluence was proposed and solved analytically. The obtained model demonstrates that the smoothing rate is proportional to the excess surface roughness relative to the limiting relaxed state. In contrast, the coherent-domain size generally increases with increasing fluence, whereas the lattice parameter decreases nearly linearly, indicating radiation-induced structural relaxation, lattice compaction, and defect rearrangement processes. Comparative analysis of ZnS and ZnSe crystals revealed differences in the smoothing kinetics and structural evolution parameters, which may be associated with differences in defect mobility and irradiation-assisted relaxation processes. Correlations were observed between the fluence-dependent evolution of surface roughness and bulk structural parameters, indicating concurrent morphological and structural changes under electron irradiation. The proposed phenomenological description provides a framework for comparing these irradiation-induced responses in ZnS and ZnSe crystals.

In the present paper, we first describe the principal basis of non-integral geometry. Non-integral geometry is a new field of generalized function (distribution) theory, where the effects breaking the symmetry of integration measure have been investigated. In turn, the non-symmetric integration measure (the non-invariant measure) leads to the complex form of the universal, dimension-independent inverse operator with the additional contributions compared to the methods of integral geometry. The additional term with the complex integration measure serves to the extension that improves the image reconstruction procedure. Then, we prove that this additional term f_A in the universal inverse Radon transforms plays a role of the regularizing contribution. In particular, we show that owing to the presence of f_A, the corresponding complex singularities can be eliminated in the image reconstruction process.

In 1960, the world’s first pulsed fast nuclear reactor (IBR) was created at JINR. The second-generation IBR-2 reactor has been in operation since 1984. An analysis of the distinctive characteristics of the IBR-type reactors is presented, the main one of which is related to the instabilities of power fluctuations. A description of the conceptual design of a third-generation NEPTUN reactor is proposed, which solves the problem of instabilities and opens up new possibilities for neutron beam research.

The Machine Learning (ML) approaches were applied to particle identification in the simulation of the Spin Physics Detector (SPD) at the NICA Collider. The results of the identification of muon tracks originating from charmonia decays and pion tracks in the intermediate momenta region (1.5–2.5 GeV/c) are presented. The obtained classifier accuracy is 77% while preserving 99% of muons and rejecting 48% of pions. The efficiency of developed binary classifier is demonstrated through background suppression in J/ψ → µµ decays.

The conformational behavior of the amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptide is strongly influenced by the physical state of its surrounding lipid environment. The effect of temperature on the Aβ42 structure within dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was investigated using circular dichroism (CD), Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study examined two thermal phases: room temperature (RT =∼ (25±2)◦C), corresponding to the gel phase of DPPC, and (48±2)◦C, representing the fluid phase above the lipid transition temperature. The CD spectroscopy measurements indicated a clear temperature-dependent structural transition of the peptide. At RT, Aβ42 exhibited a conformation enriched in β structures, while at (48±2)◦C, the spectra revealed a notable increase in α-helical content, reflecting enhanced backbone organization under fluid-phase conditions. Raman spectral analysis supported this trend by demonstrating an increased contribution of α-helical components accompanied by a reduction in β-strand features upon heating. Minor variations in lipid vibrational markers further suggested greater acyl-chain flexibility and bilayer fluidity in the high-temperature state. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed enhanced α-helical content and deeper peptide insertion within the disordered bilayer compared with the ordered gel phase. The findings from experimental and computational investigations demonstrate that membrane fluidization above the DPPC phase transition favors α-helical stabilization of Aβ42, emphasizing temperature as a key parameter governing peptide–lipid conformational equilibria. The results obtained provide a fundamental framework for understanding how thermal conditions modulate amyloid-membrane interactions, which is essential for elucidating the early molecular events associated with amyloid-related pathologies.