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Natural Science Review is an international online peer–reviewed periodical scientific journal on natural and technical sciences. 

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Life Sciences 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200805

Comparative chromosome analysis of human and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) using human multicolor FISH probes

We established chromosome homology between human and the rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) using a powerful modern molecular cytogenetic technique: multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH). mFISH allows the classification of mammalian chromosomes based on their DNA content rather than solely on morphological features such as banding patterns. The Macaca mulatta karyotype consists of 42 chromosomes: 20 pairs of autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes. We confirmed a pronounced similarity between the human ( Homo sapiens , HSA) and macaque ( Macaca mulatta, MMU ) genomes: 16 out of 22 macaque chromosomes showed homology to a single human chromosome, and 13 of them have human homologs with the same numbers. Only three macaque chromosomes show hybridization signals from two human chromosomes, and a single human probe for chromosome 2 labels two pairs of acrocentric monkey chromosomes. Altogether, mFISH is expected to become an indispensable tool in comparative chromosome studies.
E. Nasonova, N. Koshlan, I. Koshlan
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Physics 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200804

Radiation-induced surface smoothing and structural relaxation in electron-irradiated ZnS and ZnSe crystals

The evolution of surface morphology and structural parameters in ZnS and ZnSe crystals under highenergy electron irradiation was investigated using a phenomenological modeling approach based on experimentally obtained irradiation-dependent structural and morphological data. The analysis focused on the fluence dependence of the surface roughness parameters R a and R z , coherent-domain size, and lattice parameter in the electron fluence range of (0−2.5) · 10 17 electrons/cm 2 . It was found that the surface roughness parameters R a and R z decrease according to an exponential law, indicating the occurrence of radiation-induced surface smoothing. A phenomenological kinetic equation describing roughness relaxation as a function of electron fluence was proposed and solved analytically. The obtained model demonstrates that the smoothing rate is proportional to the excess surface roughness relative to the limiting relaxed state. In contrast, the coherent-domain size generally increases with increasing fluence, whereas the lattice parameter decreases nearly linearly, indicating radiation-induced structural relaxation, lattice compaction, and defect rearrangement processes. Comparative analysis of ZnS and ZnSe crystals revealed differences in the smoothing kinetics and structural evolution parameters, which may be associated with differences in defect mobility and irradiation-assisted relaxation processes. Correlations were observed between the fluence-dependent evolution of surface roughness and bulk structural parameters, indicating concurrent morphological and structural changes under electron irradiation. The proposed phenomenological description provides a framework for comparing these irradiation-induced responses in ZnS and ZnSe crystals.
M. Yu. Tashmetov, B. N. Madaminov
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Mathematical and Computer Sciences
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100803

Non-integral geometry: Additional term fA as a regularizing term

In the present paper, we first describe the principal basis of non-integral geometry. Non-integral geometry is a new field of generalized function (distribution) theory, where the effects breaking the symmetry of integration measure have been investigated. In turn, the non-symmetric integration measure (the non-invariant measure) leads to the complex form of the universal, dimension-independent inverse operator with the additional contributions compared to the methods of integral geometry. The additional term with the complex integration measure serves to the extension that improves the image reconstruction procedure. Then, we prove that this additional term f A  in the universal inverse Radon transforms plays a role of the regularizing contribution. In particular, we show that owing to the presence of f A ,  the corresponding complex singularities can be eliminated in the image reconstruction process.
I. V. Anikin
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Physics Historical / Anniversary Reviews 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200803

Methodology, applications, and results of dielectric track detectors in heavy nuclei identification

The results of the research partnership between the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNR JINR) and the Laboratory of Fundamental Particles of the Lebedev Physical Institute (LFP LPI) are presented. The publication focuses on two areas: the search for tracks of superheavy nuclei in pallasite meteorites (OLIMPIYA experiment) and testing of various dielectric materials (glasses and micas) as detectors of heavy charged particles.
S. A. Gorbunov , N. S. Konovalova , N. M. Okateva , N. G. Polukhina, T. V. Shchedrina, N. I. Starkov, E. N. Starkova, A. E. Volkov
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Physics Mathematical and Computer Sciences
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100802

Multivariate amplitude analysis of the cascade particle decays based on the Nearest Neighbors fitting

The Nearest Neighbors estimation of likelihood is implemented for the multivariate amplitude analysis of the cascades of particle decays. In this approach Monte Carlo simulated events that are used to describe data are assigned weights dependent on the parameters of the theoretical fitting model. Each of such weighted events is considered as contributing to N-dimensional probability density function (p.d.f.) in its neighborhood in the parameter space. No analytic p.d.f. or cpu-intensive re-generation of N-dimensional p.d.f. at each fit step are required. The method allows accurate accounting for reconstruction effects, demands modest cpu resources and can be effectively multi-threaded. General setup of the fit as well as toy example of the amplitude analysis of B-meson decays are demonstrated.
I. V. Yeletskikh, A. O. Vasyukov
Time reversal and parity properties of pd total cross section
70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200802

Fresh look at polarized deuterons at the Nuclotron/NICA & HIAF and beyond

Being a spin-1 particle, the deuteron, when polarized, offers access to a wide range of interesting tensor observables. A quest for tensor asymmetries is at the heart of the spin physics with polarized deuterons at future colliders, and calls for frequent tensor polarization flips in storage rings or in deuterium targets. Here we focus on the JEDI developed technique of the Fourier analysis of the horizontal polarization oscillations under continuous radiofrequency-driven spin flips. The generated in this way time-stamped oscillating helicity of stored particles paves the way to the nucleon/nucleus spin structure studies and to the search for the parity violation. Simultaneously, a whole set of tensor spin asymmetries, including the off-diagonal ones needed for searches for the T-violation beyond the Standard Model, will be produced. A crucial ingredient is a long polarization lifetime, and we report the first analytic treatment of decoherence of the tensor polarization under continuous radiofrequency spin flips. Our principal conclusion is that at low- and intermediate-energy accelerators the deuteron polarization lifetime could be in the ballpark of several hours, making the oscillating polarization approach viable at the Nuclotron/NICA and HIAF. We comment on a utility of the flattop spin-tensor dichroism via oscillations in the cross section of interaction of deuterons in the internal target as a monitor of the tensor polarization. Simultaneously, the dichroism effect can be used for measuring the spin precession frequences and as a comagnetometer to synchronize spin phases of colliding bunches in a collider. Corrected: 11 August 2026 (Eq. (28) was revised; typos and grammar were corrected)
B. Gou, V. P. Ladygin, N. N. Nikolaev, F. Rathmann, A. J. Silenko, Yu. N. Uzikov
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Physics
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100801

Perturbative  QCD fitting of  KEDR and BESIII  ℯ+ℯ- data  for R(s) and αs determination

The experimental data collected by KEDR and BESIII collaborations at the energies below charm quark thresholds are compared with the massless QCD expressions for the \(e^+e^-\) annihilation R-ratio truncated at different orders of perturbation theory. The fits demonstrate the dependence of the extracted \(\alpha_s(M_Z)\) values on the orders of truncation of the corresponding approximations. The next-to-leading order, next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order fits of the combined KEDR data and BESIII data , truncated at the scale of mass of \(J/\Psi\) meson, give the following results \(\alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1151_{-0.0069}^{+0.0052}\), \(\alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1190_{-0.0081}^{+0.0064}\) and \(\alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1283_{-0.0075}^{+0.0028}\). The increasing tendency of fitted \(\alpha_s(M_Z)\) value is associated with the effects of not totally controlled within asymptotic perturbation theory expansions kinematical \(\pi^2\) contributions to R-ratio coefficients due to analytical continuation from the space-like to time-like energy regions. The applications of the fixed orders of perturbation theory expansions and careful treatment of the analytical continuation effects are commented.   Corrected: 28 July 2026 (changes have been made in Eqs. (12)–(14) and an expression has been added after them)
A. L. Kataev, K. Yu. Todyshev
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Earth and Environmental Sciences
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200801

Trace element analysis in food and beverages by neutronactivation analysis: A review of fundamentals,performance, and practical utility

As a high-priority issue for sustainable global development, food security requires attention to both the quantity and quality of food. Trace elements pose a complex challenge for food security in this context; they can be beneficial as essential micronutrients or harmful as toxic contaminants that compromise food safety and public health. Consequently, advanced analytical tools, particularly elemental analysis, are employed to verify food quality, authenticity, and traceability. Since its first application in 1936 neutron activation analysis has proven to be a powerful analytical technique for determining the elemental composition of a wide variety of samples. The method's widespread adoption is due to its numerous benefits, including its multi-element character, non-destructive nature, high sensitivity and precision, ultra-low detection limits, and simple sample preparation. These advantages have led to its use in critical fields such as food safety, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. The paper provides an introduction to the biological role and toxicity of trace elements, discusses the fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations of neutron activation analysis, and presents an overview of NAA applications in food analysis, along with a summary of key findings.
Inga Zinicovscaia, Dmitrii Grozdov
Vol. 3 No. 8 (2026) cover
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Physics Historical / Anniversary Reviews 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200709

Pulsed fast reactors

In 1960, the world’s first pulsed fast nuclear reactor (IBR) was created at JINR. The second-generation IBR-2 reactor has been in operation since 1984. An analysis of the distinctive characteristics of the IBR-type reactors is presented, the main one of which is related to the instabilities of power fluctuations. A description of the conceptual design of a third-generation NEPTUN reactor is proposed, which solves the problem of instabilities and opens up new possibilities for neutron beam research.
V. L. Aksenov, А. Е. Verkhoglyadov, M. M. Podlesnyy, E. P. Shabalin
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Physics Mathematical and Computer Sciences
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100705

Classification of muon tracks from charmonium decays and pion tracks in the model of the SPD detector using neural networks

The Machine Learning (ML) approaches were applied to particle identification in the simulation of the Spin Physics Detector (SPD) at the NICA Collider. The results of the identification of muon tracks originating from charmonia decays and pion tracks in the intermediate momenta region (1.5–2.5 GeV/c) are presented. The obtained classifier accuracy is 77% while preserving 99% of muons and rejecting 48% of pions. The efficiency of developed binary classifier is demonstrated through background suppression in J/ψ → µµ decays.
Alisa R. Didenko, Ivan V. Yeletskikh, Andrei O. Gridin
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Physics
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.100704

Temperature-dependent conformational changes of amyloid-β42 in DPPC bilayers

The conformational behavior of the amyloid- β 42 (A β 42) peptide is strongly influenced by the physical state of its surrounding lipid environment. The effect of temperature on the A β 42 structure within dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was investigated using circular dichroism (CD), Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study examined two thermal phases: room temperature (RT =∼ (25±2)◦C), corresponding to the gel phase of DPPC, and (48±2)◦C, representing the fluid phase above the lipid transition temperature . The CD spectroscopy measurements indicated a clear temperature-dependent structural transition of the peptide. At RT, A β 42 exhibited a conformation enriched in β structures, while at (48±2)◦C, the spectra revealed a notable increase in α -helical content, reflecting enhanced backbone organization under fluid-phase conditions. Raman spectral analysis supported this trend by demonstrating an increased contribution of α -helical components accompanied by a reduction in β -strand features upon heating. Minor variations in lipid vibrational markers further suggested greater acyl-chain flexibility and bilayer fluidity in the high-temperature state. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed enhanced α-helical content and deeper peptide insertion within the disordered bilayer compared with the ordered gel phase. The findings from experimental and computational investigations demonstrate that membrane fluidization above the DPPC phase transition favors α-helical stabilization of A β 42, emphasizing temperature as a key parameter governing peptide–lipid conformational equilibria. The results obtained provide a fundamental framework for understanding how thermal conditions modulate amyloid-membrane interactions, which is essential for elucidating the early molecular events associated with amyloid-related pathologies.
Khlood A. A. Abdeljawaad, Yersultan Arynbek , Kahramon Mamatkulov, Huy Le Duc, Grigory Arzumanyan
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Physics 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200708

Searching for Light Dark Matter and Dark Sectors with the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS: et al.

Since its approval in 2016, NA64 has pioneered Light Dark Matter (LDM) searches with electron [1], positron [2], muon [3], and hadron [4] beams. The experiment has successfully met its primary objectives, as outlined in the EPPS input (2018), and even exceed them producing results that demonstrate its ability to operate in a near background-free environment. The Physics Beyond Collider (PBC) initiative at CERN recognizes NA64’s contributions as complementary and worthy of continued exploration. Its key advantage over beam dump approaches is that the signal rate scales as (coupling) 2 rather than (coupling) 4 , reducing the required beam particles for the same sensitivity. To fully exploit the NA64 physics potential, an upgrade during LS3 will enable NA64 to run in background-free mode at higher SPS beam rates. Planned upgrades include (a) improved detector hermeticity with a new veto hadron calorimeter, (b) enhanced particle identification with a synchrotron radiation detector, and (c) increased beam rates via upgraded electronics. With the recently strengthened NA64 collaboration, stable operations and timely data analysis are planned for LHC Run 4. The expected ∼ 10 13 electrons, ∼ 10 11 positrons (40 and 60 GeV), and ∼ 2×10 13 muons on target will allow NA64 to explore new light dark matter regions, with the potential for discovery or conclusive exclusion of many well-motivated LDM models.
Yu. M. Andreev, A. Antonov, M. A. Ayala Torres, D. Banerjee, B. Banto Oberhauser, V. Bautin, J. Bernhard, P. Bisio, A. Celentano, N. Charitonidis, P. Crivelli, A. V. Dermenev, S. V. Donskov, R. R. Dusaev, V. N. Frolov, S. V. Gertsenberger, S. Girod, S. N. Gninenko, A. V. Ivanov, Y. Kambar, A. E. Karneyeu, G. Kekelidze, B. Ketzer, D. V. Kirpichnikov, M. M. Kirsanov, V. A. Kramarenko, N. V. Krasnikov, S. V. Kuleshov, V. E. Lyubovitskij, A. Marini, L. Marsicano, V. A. Matveev, R. Mena Fredes, R. Mena Yanssen, L. Molina Bueno, M. Mongillo, D. V. Peshekhonov, V. A. Polyakov, B. Radics, K. Salamatin, V. D. Samoylenko, H. Sieber, D. Shchukin, O. Soto, V. O. Tikhomirov, I. Tlisova, A. N. Toropin, M. Tuzi, P. V. Volkov, I. V. Voronchikhin, J. Zamora-Saá, A. S. Zhevlakov
Physics 70th anniversary of JINR
DOI: 10.54546/NaturalSciRev.200707

Supersymmetry at BLTP: Recent progress in two directions

Ten years ago, in a paper [1], a brief historical survey of the research activity in the Sector “Supersymmetry” at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) for more than 50 years of its existence has been given. Here, in commemoration of the 70th jubilee of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, we review some recent sound advancements in this area. Specifically, we consider the issues of constructing the superfield quantum effective actions in 6 D , N = (1, 0) supersymmetry and off-shell unconstrained superfield formulations of N = 2 higher spins. In both cases, the harmonic superspace approach plays the decisive role.   Corrected: 28 July 2026 (the article title was changed, a footnote was inserted in the Introduction, and two references were added)
I. L. Buchbinder, E. A. Ivanov

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